PSY 209 – ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY LECTURE OUTLINES
Chapter 1 – Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context
I. What is a psychological disorder?
A. psychological dysfunction
B. personal distress
C. atypical/not culturally expected
II. Historical ideas about abnormal behavior
A. Overview of 3 main traditions
B. The supernatural tradition
C. The biological tradition
1. Hippocrates
2. Galen
3. The 19th Century
4. The development of biological treatments
D. The psychological tradition
1. psychosocial
2. William Tuke & Benjamin Rush
3. decline of moral therapy
4. Psychoanalytic theory
5. Humanistic theory
5. Behavioral Model
Chapter 2 - An Integrative Approach to
Psychopathology
I. One-Dimensional or Multidimensional Models
A. One-dimensional models
B. Multidimensional models
II. Genetic contributions to psychopathology
A. The nature of genes
B. New developments in the study of genes and behavior
C. The interaction of genetic and environmental effects
1. diathesis-stress model
2. reciprocal gene-environment model
3. non-genomic ÒinheritanceÓ of behavior
III. Neuroscience and its contributions to psychopathology
A. Central nervous system (CNS)
1. brain & spinal cord
2. neurons
a. soma
b. dendrites
c. axon
d. axon terminals
e. synapses
B. The structure of the brain
1. brain stem
2. forebrain
a. hindbrain
b. midbrain
c. diencephalon/thalamus/hypothalamus
d. teleencephalon/limbic system
3. hindbrain
a. medulla
b. pons
c. cerebellum
4. midbrain
5. forebrain (cerebral cortex)
6. the 4 lobes
1. frontal
2. parietal
3. occipital
4. temporal
C. Neurotransmitters & the brain
1. brain circuits
2. drug therapies
3. types of neurotransmitters
a. serotonin
b. GABA
c. Norepinephrine
d. Dopamine
Chapter 3 - Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
I. Assessing psychological disorders
A. Purposes of clinical assessment
B. Key concepts in assessment
1. reliability
2. validity
3. standardization
C. The clinical interview
1. mental status exam
2. confidentiality
3. types of interviews
D. Physical examination
E. Behavioral assessment
F. Psychological tests
1. projective tests
2. Personality tests
3. Intelligence tests
4. Neuropsychological testing
G. Neuroimaging
1. Brain structure
a. CAT scan
b. MRI
2. Brain function
a. PET
b. SPECT
c. Functional MRI (fMRI)
II. Diagnosing psychological disorders
A. Diagnosis and prognosis
B. DSM-IV
1. The five DSM-IV Axes
1) Axis
I
2) Axis
II
3) Axis
III
4) Axis
IV
5) Axis
V
2. criticisms of DSM-IV-TR
Chapter 4 – Anxiety Disorders
I. Nature of Anxiety and Fear
A. Anxiety
B. Fear
C. Panic attack
D. Causes of anxiety disorders
II. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A. Characteristics of GAD
B. Prevalence of GAD
C. Treatment of GAD
III. Panic Disorder With and Without Agoraphobia
A. Characteristics of panic disorder
B. Prevalence of panic disorder
C. Causes of panic disorder
D. Treatment of panic disorder
IV. Social Phobia
A. Characteristics of social phobia
B. Prevalence of social phobia
C. Causes of social phobia
D. Treatment of social phobia
V. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
A. Characteristics of PTSD
B. Prevalence & causes of PTSD
C. Treatment of PTSD
VI. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A. Characteristics of OCD
B. Prevalence of OCD
C. Causes of OCD
D. Treatment of OCD
Chapter 5 - Somatoform & Dissociative Disorders
I. Somatoform Disorders
A. Hypochondriasis
1. Symptoms
2. Prevalence
3. Causes
4. Treatment
B. Somatization disorder
1. Symptoms
2. Prevalence
3. Causes
4. Treatment
C. Conversion disorders
1. Symptoms
2. FreudÕs ÒconversionÓ
3. Differences between conversion disorder, actual illness, malingering, & factitious disorder
4. Prevalence
5. Treatment
D. Pain disorder
E. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
1. Symptoms
2. Prevalence
3. Treatment
II. Dissociative disorders
A. Dissociative disorders
B. Depersonalization disorder
C. Dissociative amnesia & Dissociative fugue
1. Dissociative amnesia
2. Dissociative fugue
3. Prevalence
4. Causes
5. Treatment
D. Dissociative trance disorder
E. Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
1. Symptoms
2. Can DID be faked?
3. Prevalence of DID
4. Causes
5. Treatment
Chapter 6 - Mood Disorders and Suicide
I.
Understanding and defining mood disorders
A. Major depressive episode
B. Mania and hypomania
C. Depressive disorders
1. Major depressive disorder
2. Dysthymic disorder
3. Double depression
D. Bipolar disorders
1. Bipolar I disorder
2. Bipolar II disorder
3. Cyclothymic disorder
II. Prevalence of Mood Disorders
III. Causes of Mood Disorders
A. Biological dimensions
B. Psychological dimensions
IV. Treatment of Mood Disorders
A. Medications
1. Tricyclic antidepressants
2. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
3. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
4. St. JohnÕs Wort
5. Lithium
B. Psychological treatments
V. Suicide
A. Facts and statistics
B. Risk factors, Prevention, & Treatment
1. Family member
2. Serotonin
3. Psychological disorder
4. Alcohol
5. Past attempts
6. Stressful event
7. Predicting suicide
8. Prevention
9.
Treatment
Chapter 12 – Schizophrenia and
other psychotic disorders
I. Clinical description, symptoms, and subtypes of schizophrenia
A. Positive symptoms
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
B. Negative symptoms
1. Avolition
2. Alogia
3. Anhedonia
4. Affective flattening
C. Disorganized
symptoms
1. Disorganized speech
2. Inappropriate affect
3. Disorganized behavior
D. Subtypes of schizophrenia
1. Paranoid type
2. Disorganized type (hebephrenia)
3. Catatonic type
4. Undifferentiated type
5. Residual type
E. Other psychotic disorders
1. Schizophreniform disorder
2. Schizoaffective disorder
3. Delusional disorder
a. erotomanic type
b. grandiose type
c. jealous type
d. persecutory type
e. somatic type
4. Brief
psychotic disorder
II. Prevalence and causes of schizophrenia
A. Facts and statistics
B. Developmental research
1. brain damage
2. early brain abnormality
3. older adultsÕ symptoms
4. levels of impairment
C. Findings from genetic research
D. Neurobiological influences
1. dopamine
2. neurological damage
E. Psychological and social influences
1. stress
2. family interactions & expressed emotion
III. Treatment of schizophrenia
A. Historical treatment
1. prefrontal lobotomies
2. neuroleptic drugs
B. Biological interventions
1. The 1930Õs
a. insulin coma therapy
b. psychosurgery/prefrontal lobotomies
c. ECT
2. The 1950Õs
a. neuroleptic drugs/conventional antipsychotics
b. new medications
3. Factors on noncompliance
4. Side effects
a. akinesia
b. tardive dyskinesia
C. Psychosocial interventions
1. behavioral approaches
2. community care programs
3. social & living skills training
4. independent living skills
5. behavioral family therapy
6. vocational rehabilitation
Chapter 11 – Personality Disorders
I. Overview of Personality Disorders
A. Nature of personality disorders
B. Clusters (A, B, C)
C. Prevalence and development
D. Diagnoses and gender differences
II. Cluster A Personality Disorders
A. Paranoid personality disorder (PPD)
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
B. Schizoid personality disorder (SZPD)
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
C. Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD)
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
III. Cluster B Personality Disorders
A. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
1. Characteristics
2. Psychopathy & ASPD
3. Causes
4. Treatment
B. Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
C. Histrionic personality disorder
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
D. Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
IV. Cluster C Personality Disorders
A. Avoidant personality disorder (APD)
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
B. Dependent personality disorder (DPD)
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
C. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
1. Characteristics
2. Causes
3. Treatment
Chapter 8 – Eating & Sleep Disorders
I. Major Types of Eating Disorders
A. Bulimia nervosa
1. Characteristics
2. Medical consequences
B. Anorexia nervosa
1. Characteristics
2. Medical consequences
C. Binge eating disorder (BED)
D. Facts and statistics on bulimia and anorexia
1. Bulimia
2. Anorexia
II. Causes of Eating Disorders
A. Culture and standards
B. Family issues & genetics
C. Psychological dimensions
III. Treatment of Eating Disorders
A. Medications
B. Psychosocial treatments
C. Preventing eating disorders
IV. Obesity
A. Prevalence
B. Obesity & Night Eating Syndrome
C. Causes
D. Obesity treatment
V. Sleep Disorders
A. Assessment of disordered sleep
B. The
Dyssomnias
1. Primary insomnia
2. Primary hypersomnia
3. Narcolepsy
4. Breathing-related sleep disorders/sleep apnea
5. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
VI. Treatments of Sleep Disorders
A. Medical treatments
1. Insomnia
2. Hypersomnia & Narcolepsy
3. Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
4. Circadian rhythm disorders
B. Psychological/Environmental treatments
III. Parasomnias